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dates & facts |
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| Founders: |
Fritz
Leonhardt (*1909 †1999) |
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Wolfhart
Andrä (*1914 †1996)
Former Partners:
Willi Baur, Kuno Boll, Horst Falkner, Bernhard Göhler,
Willibald Kunzl, Jörg Schlaich und Wilhelm Zellner
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| 1939 |
Fritz
Leonhardt and Wolfhart Andrä start their co-operation in the consulting
office Dr.-Ing. Fritz Leonhardt in Munich among others with
the planning of a new central station for Munich and suspension bridges
in Denmark.
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| 1946 |
Fritz
Leonhardt and Wolfhart Andrä continue their co-operation in Stuttgart.
Following the planning of the Rhine Bridge Cologne-Deutz, the first
slender steel box girder bridge with 184 m main span, fundamental
developments and inventions in the field of prestressed concrete
take place.
In connection with the planning of bridges across the Mosel, Elz,
Donau and Neckar the prestressing system Baur Leonhardt (concentrated
cables) and later the Leoba AK-system (Leonhardt Baur, single
tendons with special wedge anchorages) are developed. This scientific
work on prestressed concrete led to the book "Prestressed Concrete,
Design and Construction" by Prof. Leonhardt, an internationally
recognized standard text on the subject.
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1953 |
With
the founding of the partnership Leonhardt and Andrä in Stuttgart
the era of the large Rhine bridges and television towers starts. In
Stuttgart the first high-rise concrete television tower was
designed, followed by most of the TV and telecommunication towers
in Germany, such as the towers in Hamburg, Mannheim, Kiel, Koblenz,
Köln, Nürnberg und Frankfurt.
The cable-stayed Schillersteg in Stuttgart with its parallel
wire technology becomes forerunner for the following generations of
large cable-stayed bridges all over the world.
In Porto Allegre, Brazil, a 5665 m long link across the Guaiba River
including a lift bridge is designed.
The design of a monocable suspension bridge across the Rhine
in Emmerich unfortunately never has been realized.
In Venezuela the Caroni Bridge, the first launched concrete
bridge and thus the ancestor of all incrementally launched bridges
is built.
The incrementally launching method is introduced for the Innbrücke
Kufstein in 1968.
With the Pump-Storage Hydropower Plant "Glems" a 80 m long
jointless structure with moderate prestress is built for the
first time.
Structural development of cables of parallel wires and strands
with HiAm anchorages has been applied for tent-like roofs with steel
rope network for the German Pavilion of the Expo 1967 in Montreal.
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1970 |
With the founding of the independent consulting firm Leonhardt,
Andrä und Partner GmbH the era of incrementally launched bridges,
cable-stayed bridges, large-span bridges for the new railway lines
in Germany, cable net structures and tent-like roofs, universities,
administration buildings and hospitals starts.
The most prominent example of a cable-net structure is the Olympic-Roof
in Munich. At the same time the roof of the Swimming Hall "Sechslingspforte"
at Hamburg is built as one of the largest shell structures
of its kind in the world.
In a design competition for a bridge across the Strait of Messina
the largest cable-stayed bridge up to now with a main span of 1300
m is designed and awarded one of the first prizes.
The two cable-stayed bridges Zárate Brazo Largo are the first
cable-stayed bridges with an aerodynamically shaped cross-section
for road and railway traffic.
The Oberkassel Bridge in Düsseldorf is the "youngest" member of
the so-called Düsseldorf Bridge family consisting of the
Kniebridge and the Theordor-Heuss Bridge. Lateral shifting was done
on Neopot-Teflon sliding bearings.
The cable-stayed bridge across the Columbia River between
Pasco and Kennewick with a bridge deck of prestressed concrete
is the first of a series of bridges with superstructures of concrete
and steel in the United States, e. g. East-Huntington Bridge,
Burlington Bridge, Baytown Bridge and the design of the Sunshine-Skyway
Bridge.
Involvement in the area of structural planning of valley bridges
for the German Federal Railway (DB). This work consists of approximately
100 structural drawings proposed to become part of the German Railway
codes and approximately 30 booklets clarifying the planning stages
of valley bridges for future German railways. Much of this work
may be used in the future for the serviceability of roadway bridges
as well. Among these projects are the Main Bridge Gemünden
(concrete frame bridge with 135 m main span), Main Bridge Veitshöchheim
(concrete box girder bridge with 162 m main span) - the superstructure
was included in the Guinness Book of Record as the longest incrementally
launched bridge.
Intensive research for composite girders under negative moments
contribute decisively to the development of steel composite bridges
without prestressing of the top slab over the piers. With haunched
girders and a concrete bottom chord at the piers increased span
lengths have been achieved, e.g. a main span of 208 m for the railway
bridge across the river Main at Nantenbach and a main span
of 214 m for the highway-railway bridge across the river Caroni
in Venezuela. At both bridges the perfobond rib was used for
the first time. Over the last decade the firm has also become active
in the field of bridge maintenance, reconstruction and repair without
interruption of traffic.
During the construction of towers upwinds have been noticed in the
tower shafts and the idea of a thermal upwind or solar chimney
power plant was born. A pilot plant has been financed by the
Federal Ministry for Research and Technology and built at Manzanares,
Spain, in order to collect design data.
In the structural design of high-rise buildings the development
of flat slabs has been successful as the problems of punching
failure were solved by the development of shear stud rails.
This construction method has proved to be economic especially for
large jointless structures with up to 200 m length, e. g. for the
Post Office Ministry in Bonn, the IBM administration center
in Ehningen, the BASF central engineering building in Ludwigshafen
or the Daimler-Benz AG head office in Stuttgart.
Synergy effects between the construction of bridges, tunnels and
high-rise structures facilitate the realization of a multi-story
residence over a highway in Berlin-Wilmersdorf (Schlangenbader
Street) or of a desulforisation and washing plant for a thermal
power plant in Stuttgart.
The perfobond rib, a very effective connection between steel
and concrete with high ultimate capacity, was used for the construction
of the Caroni Bridge for the first time.
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1991 |
After
the German reunification new offices have been founded in Berlin,
Dresden, Erfurt and Leipzig.
The successful co-operation of now 175 employees from all parts
of the reunified Germany is reflected in nearly all new bridges
across the Elbe, in large-scale projects in Berlin, especially
in the conversion of the Reichstag Building as seat of the
German Parliament in Berlin.
The range of projects stretches from construction engineering e.g.
for the site excavation of the Lehrter Railway Station, the
Subway Station Mendelssohn-Bartholdy-Park, the construction
pit of the A + T building above the sub- and underground
railway at the Potsdamer Platz, refurbishment of the former Narva
factory (Oberbaum City) in a difficult urban situation to
attractive steel-glass structures for the administration building
of the Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (former Landesgiro-kasse)
in Stuttgart, the CDU Head Office at Berlin or for the Transparent
Factory of the Volkswagen AG in Dresden.
A contribution to future production of energy is the design of the
Institute for nuclear fusion research of the Max Planck Institute
in Greifswald.
Hospitals in Heidelberg and Tübingen, university buildings
in Magdeburg, the Zeppelin Museum in Friedrichshafen and
the Museum of Fine Arts in Leipzig, the New Theatre
in Erfurt, the REMU Business center in Munich (in joint venture
with Boll and Partner), the Office building for the IKB, Bank
of German Industry, in Düsseldorf and the SMS DEMAG administration
office in Düsseldorf, tunnel and galleries for the bypass
road of federal road B 30 at Ravensburg and in Ertingen, or the
new highway bridge with double composite action and corrugated
steel webs across the Altwipfergrund stand for all the projects
in Germany.
Abroad there are still large cable-stayed bridges in design
and under construction, e. g. in Argentina, Finland, Norway,
Sweden, Korea and Hong Kong.
Other remarkable bridges abroad are the Galata Bridge in
Istanbul, a bascule bridge with the largest surface worldwide, the
La Cartuja Bridge designed for the Expo 92 in Sevilla, a
continuous steel beam with an orthotropic plate, a single haunch
and noticeable slenderness, opened for traffic only 12 months after
the award of the contract.
Like in bridge design structural creativity has been applied to
develop the design of the Millennium Tower in Portsmouth.
To manage the extensive tasks of the checking and supervision of
bridges as part of the high-speed railway line in Taiwan the Taipeh
Office has been established.
The traditional development of prestressing methods continues with
the Leoba Carbodur system. Anchorage and jacking devices
have been developed to prestress carbon fibre strips on the surface
of reinforced or prestressed concrete, steel or timber structures.
This method was first applied for the Gomadingen Bridge.
High technical qualification, flexibility, enthusiasm for the work,
ability of teamwork and sense of responsibility in accordance with
the legacy of Fritz Leonhardt and his partners distinguish the employees
today and for the future.
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Article in "New Civil Engineer
International"
(Januar 1983)
von Bill O´Neill
Archive of the University of Berkeley CA. U.S.A.
The Structures of LAP in the Internet!
http://nisee.berkeley.edu/leonhardt
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